一 概述
- NSOperation中的几个概念
- NSOperation示例
二 NSOperation中的几个概念
2.1 NSOperation说明
NSOperation的作用
配合使用NSOperation和NSOperationQueue也能实现多线程编程
NSOperation和NSOperationQueue实现多线程的具体步骤
- 先将需要执行的操作封装到一个NSOperation对象中
- 然后将NSOperation对象添加到NSOperationQueue中
- 系统会自动将NSOperationQueue中的NSOperation取出来
- 将取出的NSOperation封装的操作放到一条新线程中执行
2.2 NSOperation的子类
NSOperation是个抽象类,并不具备封装操作的能力,必须使用它的子类,使用NSOperation子类的方式有3种:
- NSInvocationOperation
- NSBlockOperation
- 自定义子类继承NSOperation,实现内部相应的方法
2.3 NSOperationQueue
NSOperationQueue的作用
- NSOperation可以调用start方法类执行任务,但默认是同步执行的
- 如果将NSOperation添加到NSOperationQueue(操作队列)中,系统会自动异步执行NSOperation中的操作
添加操作到NSOperationQueue中
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| -(void)addOperation:(NSOperation *)op; -(void)addOperationWithBlock:(void (^)(void))block;
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2.4 最大并发数
什么是最大并发数
- 同时执行的任务数
- 比如,同时开3个线程执行3个任务,并发数就是3
最大并发数的相关方法
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| -(NSInteger)maxConcurrentOperationCount; -(void)setMaxConcurrentOperationCount:(NSInteger)cnt;
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2.5 操作依赖
NSOperation之间可以设置依赖来保证执行顺序
比如一定要让操作A执行完后,才能执行操作B,可以这么写
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| [operationB addDependency:operationA];//操作B依赖于操作A
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可以在不同queue的NSOperation之间创建依赖关系
注意:不能相互依赖,比如A依赖B,B依赖A
2.6 操作的监听
可以监听一个操作的执行完毕
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| -(void)(^)(void)completionBlock; -(void)setCompletionBlock:(void)(^)(void)block;
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2.7 队列的取消、暂停、恢复
取消队列的所有操作
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| -(void)cancelAllOperations;
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提示:也可以调用NSOperation的-(void)cancel方法取消单个操作
暂停和恢复队列
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| -(void)setSuspended:(Bool)b;YES代表暂停队列,NO代表恢复队列 -(BOOL)isSuspended;
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2.8 自定义NSOperation
自定义NSOperation的步骤很简单
重写-(void)main方法,在里面实现想执行的任务
重写-(void)main方法的注意点
- 自己创建自动释放(因为如果异步操作,无法访问主线程的自动释放池)
- 经常通过-(BOOL)isCancelled方法检测操作是否被取消,对取消作出响应
自定义NSOperation下载图片思路
三 NSOperation示例
3.1 NSInvocationOperation
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| #import "ViewController.h" @interface ViewController () @end @implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; NSOperationQueue *queue=[[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];
//operation直接调用start,是同步执行(在当前线程) NSInvocationOperation *operation=[[NSInvocationOperation alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(download) object:nil]; //[operation start]; //添加操作到队列中,会自动异步执行 [queue addOperation:operation]; } -(void)download{ NSLog(@"download......%@",[NSThread currentThread]); } @end
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3.2 NSBlockOperation示例
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| #import "ViewController.h"
@interface ViewController ()
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; NSBlockOperation *operation1=[NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{ NSLog(@"---下载图片--1-%@",[NSThread currentThread]); }]; NSBlockOperation *operation2=[NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{ NSLog(@"---下载图片--1-%@",[NSThread currentThread]); }]; NSBlockOperation *operation3=[NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{ NSLog(@"---下载图片--1-%@",[NSThread currentThread]); }]; NSBlockOperation *operation4=[NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{ NSLog(@"---下载图片--1-%@",[NSThread currentThread]); }]; //创建队列 NSOperationQueue *queue=[[NSOperationQueue alloc]init]; //主队列 //NSOperationQueue *queue=[NSOperationQueue mainQueue]; //添加操作到队列中(自动异步执行) [queue addOperation:operation1]; [queue addOperation:operation2]; [queue addOperation:operation3]; [queue addOperation:operation4]; } -(void)test{ // NSBlockOperation *operation=[NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{ // NSLog(@"---下载图片--1-%@",[NSThread currentThread]); // }]; NSBlockOperation *operation=[[NSBlockOperation alloc]init]; [operation addExecutionBlock:^{ NSLog(@"---下载图片--1-%@",[NSThread currentThread]); }]; [operation addExecutionBlock:^{ NSLog(@"---下载图片--2-%@",[NSThread currentThread]); }]; [operation addExecutionBlock:^{ NSLog(@"---下载图片--3-%@",[NSThread currentThread]); }]; [operation start]; //任务数量>1,才会开始异步执行。 } @end
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3.3 NSOperationQueue
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@interface ViewController () @property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIImageView *imageView;
@end
@implementation ViewController
- (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; } -(void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { NSOperationQueue *queue=[[NSOperationQueue alloc]init]; [queue addOperationWithBlock:^{ //1-异步下载图片 NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"https://img0.baidu.com/it/u=1929941019,3324507395&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=120&f=JPEG"]; NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url]; UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithData:data]; //2-回到主线程,显示图片 //[self performSelectorOnMainThread:<#(nonnull SEL)#> withObject:<#(nullable id)#> waitUntilDone:dispath]; //dispatch_async(dispatch_main(), <#^(void)block#>) [[NSOperationQueue mainQueue]addOperationWithBlock:^{ self.imageView.image=image; }]; }]; [queue cancelAllOperations];//取消队列中的所有任务(不可恢复) [queue setSuspended:YES];//暂停队列中的所有任务 [queue setSuspended:NO];//恢复队列中的所有任务 }
-(void)addOperation3{ //假设有A、B、C三个操作,要求: //1.3个操作都异步执行 //2.操作C依赖于操作B //3.操作B依赖于操作A //1.创建一个队列(非主队列) NSOperationQueue *queue=[[NSOperationQueue alloc]init]; //2.创建3个操作 NSBlockOperation *operationA=[NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{ NSLog(@"A1----%@",[NSThread currentThread]); }]; // [operationA addExecutionBlock:^{ // NSLog(@"A2----%@",[NSThread currentThread]); // }]; // [operationA setCompletionBlock:^{ // NSLog(@"AAA----%@",[NSThread currentThread]); // }]; NSBlockOperation *operationB=[NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{ NSLog(@"B----%@",[NSThread currentThread]); }]; NSBlockOperation *operationC=[NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{ NSLog(@"C----%@",[NSThread currentThread]); }]; //设置依赖 [operationB addDependency:operationA]; [operationC addDependency:operationB]; //添加操作到队列中(自动异步执行) [queue addOperation:operationA]; [queue addOperation:operationB]; [queue addOperation:operationC]; } -(void)addOperationDepend{ //假设有A、B、C三个操作,要求: //1.3个操作都异步执行 //2.操作C依赖于操作B //3.操作B依赖于操作A //1.创建一个队列(非主队列) NSOperationQueue *queue=[[NSOperationQueue alloc]init]; //2.创建3个操作 NSBlockOperation *operationA=[NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{ NSLog(@"A----%@",[NSThread currentThread]); }]; NSBlockOperation *operationB=[NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{ NSLog(@"B----%@",[NSThread currentThread]); }]; NSBlockOperation *operationC=[NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{ NSLog(@"C----%@",[NSThread currentThread]); }]; //设置依赖 [operationB addDependency:operationA]; [operationC addDependency:operationB]; //添加操作到队列中(自动异步执行) [queue addOperation:operationA]; [queue addOperation:operationB]; [queue addOperation:operationC]; } -(void)maxcount{ //1-创建一个队列 NSOperationQueue *queue=[[NSOperationQueue alloc]init]; //2-设置最大并发数 [queue setMaxConcurrentOperationCount:2]; //3添加操作队列中(自动异步执行任务,并发) NSBlockOperation *operation1=[NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{ NSLog(@"下载图片1----%@",[NSThread currentThread]); }]; NSBlockOperation *operation2=[NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{ NSLog(@"下载图片2----%@",[NSThread currentThread]); }]; NSBlockOperation *operation3=[NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{ NSLog(@"下载图片3----%@",[NSThread currentThread]); }]; NSBlockOperation *operation4=[NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{ NSLog(@"下载图片4----%@",[NSThread currentThread]); }]; [queue addOperation:operation1]; [queue addOperation:operation2]; [queue addOperation:operation3]; [queue addOperation:operation4]; } -(void)baseUse{ //1-创建一个队列 NSOperationQueue *queue=[[NSOperationQueue alloc]init]; //2添加操作队列中(自动异步执行任务,并发) // NSBlockOperation *operation1=[NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{ // NSLog(@"下载图片1----%@",[NSThread currentThread]); // }]; // NSBlockOperation *operation2=[NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{ // NSLog(@"下载图片2----%@",[NSThread currentThread]); // }]; //[queue addOperation:operation1]; //[queue addOperation:operation2]; [queue addOperationWithBlock:^{ NSLog(@"下载图片3----%@",[NSThread currentThread]); }]; } @end
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